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Only since the late 1960s have literary scholars attempted to establish an accurate and systematic literary history of women novelists. Many previous histories suffered from "Great Traditionalism," an approach that, by limiting itself to a group of women writers termed "great," ignored the diversity among women novelists. These histories excluded the minor novelists, who are the links in the chain that binds literary generations together, and who allow us to see the continuities in women`s writing. Given the distortions produced by this concentration on "great" writers, as well as the obviously problematic tendency of many literary scholars to apply stereotypes of femininity, it was not surprising that some literary scholars in the early 1960s evaded the important issue of women`s sexual identity entirely, focusing instead on the form and style of women`s writing. Such an approach, while insightful and very valuable, did not consider the crucial connection between women`s writing and changes in their legal and economic status.
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According to the passage, some literary scholars in the early 1960s tended to do which of the following in their considerations of women novelists` works?
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Information in the passage suggests that literary histories that adhere to "Great Traditionalism" have which of the following flaws?
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The attitude of the author of the passage toward the approach taken toward women novelists by "some literary scholars in the early 1960s" can best be described as
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Because of strong overall stylistic similarities, prehistoric cave paintings in El Castillo, Spain and others in Altamira, Spain, were thought to date from the same period. Recent pigment analyses, however, established the Altamira paintings as by far the older and as about the same age as a third group of paintings done in a different overall style. Nevertheless, this case does not prove that stylistic similarities cannot be a reliable indicator of closeness in age, since ____________.
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Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
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Human impacts on the natural environment during the later part of the Holocene (beginning about 4,000 years ago) complicate investigations into environmental change during that period because the signals produced by human-and climate-induced change are sometimes difficult to separate. For example, in the later Holocene, one indicator of increased aridity due to climate change is an increase in pollen from grasses, as forest vegetation gives way to grassland. Such a change in vegetation could alternatively be attributed to human impact in the form of agricultural development. Examples of such human impact from 4,000 years ago would be small-scale, however, since the broad ecosystem changes brought about by the widespread adoption of agricultural technologies occurred later.
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Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as a whole?
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According to the passage, which of the following is true regarding environmental changes 4,000 years ago?
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The waters east of Cape Hangklip were once the center of a lucrative wild-caught abalone fishery, but illegal fishing in the mid-1990 escalated to such levels that the recreational fishery was closed in 2003. When abalones did not rebound, commercial fishing was also banned. Continue declines in abalone were attributed to poaching, but an invasion by rock lobsters during the early 1990s probably intensified the trend. Rock lobsters prey on sea urchins, and increased rock lobster densities coincided with significant decreases in sea urchins. In that area, urchins feed largely by trapping drift kelp, and in doing so provide juvenile abalone with both protective shelter and nourishment. Without urchins` presence, juvenile abalones are less likely to survive to adulthood.
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According to the passage, since the early 1990s, sea urchins in the waters east of Cape Hangklip have
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According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement about the feeding behaviors of sea urchins?
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