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The North American red squirrel has expanded its range into Indiana in conjunction with an increase in the fragmentation of forests due to agriculture and with d crease in the number of gray squirrels, whose population is sensitive to forest fragmentation. Red squirrels tend to hoard food in a central location, while gray squirrels are scatter hoarders. Burial of nuts by scatter hoarders is highly beneficial for the regeneration of nut-producing trees. Red squirrels would have to collect 1,000 walnuts to achieve the same germination success that results from the handling of 150 walnuts by gray squirrels. If red squirrels successfully colonize the fragmented landscapes of Indian in response to decreasing numbers of gray squirrels, they may not compensate completely for the loss of gray squirrels as seed dispersers.
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The passage implies that compared with gray squirrels red squirrels
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Select the sentence in the passage that provides an illustration of a claim stated elsewhere in the passage.
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Norman Rockwell was the most popular illustrator in the United States during the mid-twentieth century, yet no important artist of his time showed interest in his work. This prompts the question: how good an artist was Rockwell? His technique is an adaptation of standard nineteenth-century verismo (an artistic movement marked by use of common everyday themes), competent but undistinguished. While he had an acute sense of gesture and facial expression, his anatomical competence was limited. In No Swimming (1921), for example, there is a bit of leg visible between the legs of the central figure that belongs to the boy lagging behind, but it is so shapeless that one cannot be considered a sophisticated perversion of expressive purposes as, for example, would the elastic spine in Ingres`s Grande Odalisque. However, Rockwell`s work does exhibit a genius in its fastidiousness about the absolute justness of every expression and its precise positioning of each prop. It is this attention to detail that renders unforgettable his best images, such as the open mouth in the form of an O of the little who has just discovered that there is no Santa Claus.
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The passage is primarily concerned with
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It can be inferred that the author of the passage would probably agree with which of the following statements about Rockwell`s work?
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Select the sentence in the passage that indicates Rockwell`s artistic reputation among his contemporaries.
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Ecologists study how millions of species share the world, rather than take on the whole planet at once, they generally focus on a single ecosystem, be it a prairie, a tidal flat, or a sand dune. Even within those limits, they are frustrated by porous frontiers. As a result, ecologists have done some of their most important work on islands, nature`s own isolated laboratories, which may be colonized only a few times over the course of millions of years. On them, ecologists have figured out how the size of a given habitat determine how many species it can support. They have then applied that knowledge to the mainland, showing how fragmented ecosystems become like archipelagoes, where extinctions can strike.
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It can be inferred that the term "porous frontiers" is used to refer to
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In the context in which it appears, "isolated" most nearly means
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The border decoration in medieval manuscripts referred to as pen flourishing reached great artistic heights in the northern Netherlands in the 1400s. The regional variants in form that evolved make flourishing a useful tool for localizing and roughly dating manuscripts. When the first printed books appeared in that region, many copies were still traditionally decorated by hand with such flourishing. Since books` publication can usually be dated with far more accuracy than manuscripts, studying these decorations in early printed books might lead to a more precise dating of the penwork in manuscripts. It is of less help in localizing the flourishing. Upon completion, copies of printed books were often sold unadorned, to be decorated elsewhere as commissioned by their buyers.
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Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?
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According to the passage, pen flourishing in manuscripts can provide historians with valuable information about
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Early in the twentieth century, San Francisco was the main venue for African American jazz musicians on the West Coast of the United States. Musical activity was centered in a district known as the Barbary Coast, where an abundance of nightclubs provided ample work opportunities for local players and drew musicians and other entertainers, many of them African American, from throughout the country. In 1921, as part of its Prohibition-era efforts, the government closed the Barbary Coast. This closure was the decisive event that established Los Angeles as the premier center for jazz on the West Coast. Once the Barbary Coast was shut down, it became far harder for jazz musicians to make a living in San Francisco; thus, many headed south to Los Angeles.
Yet even before that closing, the center of jazz activity had begun to swing southward. With the largest and fastest growing African American urban community in the West, as well as the growing movie industry and an emerging recording industry, Los Angeles was already a magnet for jazz musicians from other parts of the country, especially New Orleans, where jazz players suffered a devastating blow with closing of the Storyville district in 1917.
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The primary purpose of the passage is to
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The passage cites which of the following as a factor helping to explain San Francisco`s preeminence as a center for jazz music on the West Coast early in the twentieth century?
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It can be inferred from the passage that, for African American musicians, which of the following became an advantage of Los Angeles over San Francisco only after 1921?
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A recent exhibition of works by late-nineteenth-century painters Mary Cassatt, Berthe Morisot, and Eva Gonzales offered a rich visual counterpart to studies focusing new attention on the social and ideological forces that influenced their work. The paintings by Gonzales were particularly illuminating. Long marginalized by scholars as little more than an apprentice of Edouard Manet, Gonzales is revealed by the exhibition as possessing remarkable, if uneven, talents. Given the exhibition`s focus, and especially the provocative new emphasis on Gonzales, the accompanying catalog proved disappointing. There often-quoted essays by critics contemporary to the artists- essays in themselves noteworthy but historical artifacts nonetheless-provided the exhibition with its only critical readings. Thus, a significant opportunity for scholarly debate was not only lost but even seemed pointedly avoided.
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Select the sentence in which the author describes and counters an assessment of a particular artist.
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In the context in which it appears, "counterpart to" most nearly means
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