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Although Sapir and Whorf's notion that different languages may impart different cognitive skills met with (i)_______early on, they had little evidence to support their claim. By the 1970s many scientists had become (ii) _______their hypothesis, and it was largely(iii) _______as a new set of theories claiming that language and thought are universal came to dominate the field.
The passage suggests that the "discoveries" indicate which of the following about mud glyphs?
The passage suggests which of the following about petroglyphs?
On the surface, migrations might be defined simply as organisms moving from place to place on a seasonal or annual basis, but a more detailed consideration of what does-and what does not-constitute a migration quickly reveals that this is not an easy distinction. In fact, certain nonanimal organisms (eg. plants or fungi) make movements such as seasonal dispersal of seeds via water or air that could be considered as "migration" under some definitions. Even among animals, great variation in the timing, distance, and motivation underlying movements makes general definitions of migration challenging. Early efforts to formally define migration were arguably quite effective for their simplicity, and they may be very relevant for conservation policy. For example. "true migrations" according to Landsborough Thomson, an ornithologist, were defined as "chances of habitat, periodically recurring and alternating in direction, which tend to secure optimal environmental conditions at all times." Such optimal conditions might include milder air, water, or soil temperatures, availability of food or water, lack of predators or diseases. suitable habitats for breeding (e.g., nesting substrates for birds or calmer waters for whale calves), or some combination of the above. Importantly, this definition of migration does not specify or discriminate based on distance traveled or the types of organisms that qualify. Instead, the emphasis in Thomson`s definition is placed on 1) a change in habitat, 2) a seasonal phenology [relationship of biological phenomena with climate] and 3) a "to-and-fro passage." Certainly, many important and familiar migrations such as those made by songbirds, waterfowl, shorebirds, and seabirds that winter farther south and return each spring to breed at higher latitudes would be included in such a definition.

However appealing, though, this definition could exclude many stunning and extensive animal movements that serve equally important ecological functions. In particular, less spatially or temporally predictable migrations such as the seminomadic circular roamings that were once exhibited by American bison, or those that require multiple generations for the return trip as is the case for many species of moths or butterflies, including the classic monarch butterfly journey, could arguably fail to meet these criteria of migration. Conversely, in the open ocean, billions of organisms ranging from plankton to squid to sharks make daily to-and-fro movements through the water column to the surface and back down again in order to exploit optimal conditions. These could qualify as migrations under Thomson`s definition, yet such movements are clearly of a different variety than those that occur only once per year and span continents, especially in the context of conservation policy and management.
The author implies which of the following about conservation policy?
The author mentions fungi primarily to
The author mentions plankton primarily to
The author suggests which of the following about the "seminomadic circular roamings' once exhibited by American bison?
Because the political situation seriously impeded international communication, French scientific research was at that time uncharacteristically________.
Cunliffe is intellectually indebted to the Annales school of French economic and social historians, which emphasized largely static environmental influences and long-term historical continuity and regarded political events mainly as________.
For every________reader of Vestiges there were many more who became vocal critics, and the book aroused heated opposition from a broad range of British society.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?
According to the passage. the decision in the case of Smith v. Allright had which of the following effects?
A continuation of the passage would be most likely to address which of the following subjects?
The repeating decimal $$1.\overline{ab}$$, where a and b are different digits, is equivalent to the fraction $$\frac{n}{d}$$, where n and d are positive integers whose greatest common factor is 1. What is the greatest possible value of n+d ?


The two triangles above are equilateral and PQ=15.

Quantity A

The sum of the perimeters of the two triangles

Quantity B

42




The product of three consecutive integers r, s, and t is 0, where r < s < t.

Quantity A

r

Quantity B

-1




Jerry ate $$\frac{1}{5}$$ of the cookies in a full jar of cookies, and Cantin ate $$\frac{1}{6}$$ of the remaining cookies in the jar.

Quantity A

The fraction of the cookies in the full jar that were not eaten by either Jerry or Cantin

Quantity B

$$\frac{19}{30}$$




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