复杂修饰

复杂修饰：1.Hardy’sweakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goingsof thesedivergent impulsesand from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.

1.这个句子的主干是：

A.Hardy’sweakness derived from his apparent inability.

B.Hardy’sweakness derived from his apparent inability and from his unwillingness.

C.Hardy’sweakness derived from his apparent inability and the energetic and risky ones.

2.与his apparentinability并列的是：

A.Thesedivergent impulses

B.Hisunwillingness

C.Theenergetic and risky ones

3.第一个and连接哪两个词：

A.inability和unwillingness

B.Comings和goings

C.Cultivate和sustain

4.ones指代的是什么：

A.Inability

B.Unwillingness

C.Weakness

1.C 2.B3.B 4.C

4. Virginia Woolf’sprovocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularlybeenignored by thecritics， since it highlightsan aspect of her literary interests very different from thetraditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concernedwith examining states of reverie and vision and withfollowing the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.（5）

1.这句话的主干：

A.Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement has been ignored.

B.It highlights an aspect of her literary interests.

2.very different修饰的是：

A.Statement

B.Literary interests

C.Aspect

3.划下划线的and连接的是：

A.reverie和vision

B.Examining和following

C.Vision和pathways

1.A 2.C 3.B

10. His thesis worksrelatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in theUnited States，buthis definition ofracial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a groupgenerallyaccepted as a racein any given region of ethnic competition," can be interpreted asalso including hostilitytoward such ethnicgroups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.（4+）

1.句子的主干是：

A.His thesis works relatively well

B.His definition can be interpreted as also including hostility

C.His thesis works relatively well，buthis definition can be interpreted as also including hostility.

2.applied的逻辑主语是：

A.He

B.His thesis

C.Discrimination

3.can be的逻辑主语是：

A.ethnic competition

B.Racial prejudice

C.Definition

4.全句的翻译：

1.C 2.B 3.C

11. Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed,excitation threshold, and the like as hadbeen demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible insignificance for any possible correlation with themanifold dimensions of mental experience.（5）

1.句子的主干是：

A.Such variations had beendemonstrated.

B.Such variations remainednegligible.

C.Nerve remained negligible.

2.hadbeen demonstrated的逻辑主语：

A.Variations

B.Thelike

C.Size，shape，chemistry，conductionspeed，excitation threshold，and the like

3.remained的逻辑主语是：

A.Variations

B.Thelike

C.Nervecells

4.全句的翻译：类似于这些已经被在神经细胞中证明的在大小、形状、化学过程、产生的速度、兴奋阈值及其类似的方面上所发生变化，当他们被用来与大脑的体验以可能的方式联系起来的时候，他们在重要性上仍然是微不足道的。

1.B 2.C 3.A

52. The argument attempts to establish thatcertain circumstances that would have had to occur for a particularexplanation to be correct could not have occurred.

1.句子的主干是：

A.The argument attempts to establish that certaincircumstance would have had to occur

B.The argument attempts to establish that certaincircumstances could not have occurred.

C.The argument attempts to establish a particularexplanation.

2.第一个that指代的是：

A.certain circumstances

B.Certain circumstances that would have had to occurfor a particular explanation to be correct could not have occurred

C.Certain circumstances that would have had to occurfor a particular explanation to be correct.

3.第二个that指代的是：

A.certaincircumstances

B.the argument

C.explanation

全句的翻译：该论证试图说明特定情况不可能发生过，而如果特定解释正确的话，该情况一定会发生。

1.B 2.B 3.A

In the multiplicity of small-scale local egalitarian orquasi-egalitarian organizations for fellowship, worship and production thatflourished in this laissez-faire environment, individuals could interact withone another within a community of harmony and ideological equality, followingtheir own popularly elected leaders and governing themselves by sharedconsensus while minimizing distinctions of wealth and power.

1.句子的主干是：

A.Individuals could interact with one another

B.Fellowship，worship and production flourished in thislaissez-faire environment

C.Fellowship，worship and production could interact with oneanother.

2.that指代的是：

A.Multiplicity

B.Fellowship，worship，production

C.Organizations

3.following的逻辑主语是：

A.Community

B.Equality

C.Individuals

4.全句的翻译：关于友情、信仰、生产的丰富多彩的小规模地方平等主义组织或半平等主义组织繁荣于这个自由主义环境中，个人可以在和谐的组织和平等精神中相互交流，跟随他们民主选举产生的领导人，通过共享通识同时最小化财富与权力的差别来自我管理。

1.A 2.A 3.C

19. The physicist rightly dreads precise argument，since an argumentthat is convincing only if it is preciseloses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based areslightly changed，whereas an argument that isconvincing though imprecise may well be stable under smallperturbations of its underlying assumptions.（5+）

1.句子的主干是：

A.The physicistdreads argument.

B.An argument areslightly changed.

C.An argument maywell be stable.

2.since引导的从句的主干是：

A.An argument loses all its force whereas an argumentmay well be stable.

B.An argument is convincing under its underlyingassumptions.

C.An argument are slight changed whereas an argumentmay well be stable.

3.it指代的是:

A.an argument

B.The physicist

4.are的逻辑主语是：

A.the assumptions

B.An argument

C.Physicist

5.loses的逻辑主语是：

A.the assumptions

B.An argument

C.Physicist

1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.B

6.全句的翻译：物理学家恐惧于那些精确无误的论据不无道理，因为某种只有在它是精确无误的条件下才令人置信的论据，一旦它赖于建立其上的假设稍有变化，便会失去它一部的作用；而与此相反，一个尽管并不精确无误但却令人置信的论据，在其基本假设（underlying assumption）稍微受干扰的情况下，仍然有可能是站得住脚的。

20. However，as they gainedcohesion，the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women’s groupand to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in thesalonnieres， who remained isolated from oneanother by the primacy each held in her own salon.（4-）

1.句子的主干是：

A.The Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women’s group

B.The Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women’s group andto possess a sense of female solidarity

C.The Bluestockings came to possess a sense of female solidarity.

2.and连接的是哪两部分：

A.group和sense

B.Group和female

C.To regard和to possess

3.lacking的逻辑主语是：

A.Female

B.Sense

C.Group

4.one another后面省略的词是：

A.Solidarity

B.Slonniere

C.Group

5.全句翻译：起初，蓝袜女们确实模仿了法国沙龙女主人，将男性襄括到其小圈子中来。然则，随着她们获得的凝聚力，她们渐趋将自己视作一女性团体，并拥有了一种妇女团结意识，而这种意识在法国沙龙女主人身上则荡然无存，因为她们每个人在其自己的沙龙中自视甚高而彼此孤立隔绝开来。

1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B

21. As my own studieshave advanced，I have been increasingly impressed with the functionalsimilaritiesbetween insect andvertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences thatseem，at firstglance，to constitute suchan immense gulf between them.（5）

1.句子的主干是：

A.I have been impressed with the similarities and less so with thestructural differences.

B.I have been impressed with the similarities to constitute an gulf.

C.I have been impressed with the similarities.

2.与between对应的and是：

A.第一个and

B.第二个and

3.so指代的是：

A.Advanced

B.Impressed

C.Functional

4.全句翻译：随着我的研究不断深入，我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功能类似性印象愈来愈深刻，而对结构上的差异印象愈发淡漠，虽然这些结构上的差异初看上去似乎构成了二者间一条无法逾越的鸿沟。

22. Although fictionassuredly springs from political circumstances， its authors react to thosecircumstances in ways other than ideological， and talking aboutnovels and stories primarily asinstruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictionalenterprise.（4）

1.句子的主干是：

A.Fiction springs from circumstances.

B.Its authors react to those circumstances.

C.Its authors react to those circumstances and talking about novelsand stories.

2.and连接的是：

A.those circumstances和talking about

B.Ideological和talking about

C.Political circumstances和talkingabout

3.its指代的是：

A.political circumstances’

B.Enterprise’s

C.Fiction’s

4.全句的翻译：虽然小说无疑起源于政治情状，但其作者则是以非意识形态的方式对这些政治情状作出反应的，而将小说和故事主要地当作意识形态的工具来探讨，会在相当程度上阻碍小说事业。

1.C 2.A 3.C

27. The role those anthropologists ascribe toevolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior butone of imposing constraints—ways of feeling， thinking， and acting that "comenaturally" in archetypalsituations in anyculture.（4）

1.句子的主干是：

A.Thoseanthropologists ascribe to evolution.

B.The role is notof dictating the details but one.

C.The role is notof dictating ways.

2.is的逻辑主语是：

A.Evolution

B.Human behavior

C.The role

3.that指代的是：

A.Ways

B.Constraints

C.Human behavior

4.全句的翻译：这些人类学家所归诸于生物进化的作用，不是规定人类行为的种种细节，而是将各种限制强加于人类——即在任何文化的典型情景中都会“自然表露”的情感、思维、以及行动方式。

28. Which of the following most probably providesan appropriate analogy from human morphology for the“details” versus “constraints” distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?（5）

1.句子的主干是：

A.Which provides human morphology？

B.Which provides an analogy？

C.Which provides a distinction？

2.distinction指的是以下那组词之间的差异？

A.details和constraints

B.Humanmorphology和human behavior

3.全句的翻译：以下哪一个选项最有可能为文章中所谈到的与人类行为有关的“人类行为细节”相对“人类所受限制”之间的差异，从人类形态的角度上提供了一个合适的类比？

1.B 2.A

1. TheAmerican economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise andmarket-
oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall beproduced by spending
their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they wantmost.

1.句子的主干是：

A.Thesystem is organized.

B.Thesystem shall be spending.

C.Consumersdetermine what shall be produced.

2.spending的逻辑主语是：

A.TheAmerican economic system