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Like Germany, but unlike other European nations, Norway industrialized rather late in the nineteenth century. Compared to Germany, however, Norway has a comparatively recent history of industrially based social classes and a much longer history of rather egalitarian class relations. The origin of Norwegian egalitarian predates industrialism and the rise of the labor movement. The preindustrial economy was based largely on a small independent peasantry who combined agriculture with fishing (in the north) or with forestry (in the south). Because Norway was under foreign rule for five centuries until 1905, and because the topography is unfavorable for large estates, a strong aristocracy and landowner class did not emerge in most of Norway. There were some exceptions to this pattern, especially in the southern regions where a landowner class did exist. Norway`s early social and economic history engendered egalitarianism, although, as has been pointed out by several observers, it was an equality of poverty.

The passage suggests which of the following about egalitarianism in Norway?

AIt was a source of social stability that helped Norway survive five centuries of foreign rule
B It manifested itself in the same way after industrialization as it had prior to industrialization
CIt did not necessarily provide a high standard of living for most Norwegians
D It produced a Norwegian industrialization that differed qualitatively from industrialization in other European countries in that the labor movement was less radical in Norway
EIt was more pervasive in southern than in northern Norway

C显示答案

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