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Some attine ants carry vegetation into their nests and add fungal material, thereby creating "gardens" in which fungal food for the ants grow. Because the ants play the behaviorally active role, it seems compelling to say that they cultivate and control the passive fungi. But even if that is true, the symbiotic association has existed for so long that cultivar traits may have evolved in the fungi that benefit the fungi but not necessarily the ants. Furthermore, many microorganisms have developed sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate the physiology and behavior of their symbiotic animals. It is not implausible, therefore, that the ants' fungi have evolved chemical and physiological schemes that alter ant behavior to serve the fungus' reproductive interests, possibly even compromising the reproductive interests for the ant hosts.
The passage points out which of the following in order to explain the appeal of the notion that some attine ants cultivate and control fungus?
The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as a whole?
Meggers argued that agriculture depends on extracting nutrients from soils into edible crops, so premodern societies in Amazonia could never grow large because underlying soils are impoverished. In Meggers` view the population size that a culture could reach depended upon the agricultural potential of its environment. Meggers accepted that fish and turtle resources of the Amazon made possible the long riverside villages the explorer Orellana described in 1542, but she dismissed as exaggerated Carvajal`s estimates of tens of thousands of people in those settlements, and she was sure those settlements did not have inland counterparts. Supporting this point, the Omagua, a riverbank people and one of the greatest chiefdoms observed by Carvajal as a member of Orellana`s expedition, regarded hinterland forests as unpopulated wilderness.
From the passage it can be inferred that Omagua depended on

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