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题目材料：
Academics have been reconsidering the meaning of “wilderness" and its usefulness to conservation strategies. The idea of pristine wilderness is historically inaccurate, argue scholars of Native American history, who have demonstrated that Native Americans shaped their environments with their agricultural practices and residential patterns. Other scholars argue that wilderness is simply a cultural construct created in opposition to modem society, not a real place untouched by humans. Scientists, in turn, have argued that the goal of wilderness preservation is based on a model in which ecosystems progress toward a stable equilibrium state, a model replaced in the 1970s with one stressing constant change. These insights complicate wilderness management, which critics charge aims to preserve a supposedly stable environment that existed prior to human disturbance.
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