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Many criminologists argue that the chances that first-time offenders will be rehabilitated can be improved by giving them sentences that promote their reintegration into society rather than by sentencing them to jail. In support of this hypothesis, it is often pointed out that whereas 10 percent of first-time offenders sentenced to community service go on to commit further crimes fully 60 percent of first-time offenders who are imprisoned do so. The hypothesis thus seems strongly confirmed. In actual fact, however, the statistics cited do little to prove it, since judges tend to impose jail sentences on those first-time offenders they consider likely to commit further crimes.
In the argument given, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles?
One characteristic of terrestrial cratering is the presence of doublet craters: 3 of the 28 large impact craters on Earth (greater than 20 kilometers diameter) have partner craters. For example, the Kamensk crater in Russia, 25 kilometers in diameter, is partnered by the Gusev crater, 3 kilometers wide and of identical age. Since such doublets form when two well-separated asteroids impact Earth nearly simultaneously, their relatively frequent occurrence serves as evidence for the existence of a substantial population of co-orbiting asteroids.

Are other rocky planets subject to impacts from co-orbiting asteroids? Venus is a promising planet to search for doublets because its surface is young, erosion is nearly nonexistent, and its rater population is significantly larger than Earth's, but not so large that there is a high probability of chance associations. Researchers found that the proportion of doublet craters on Venus is significantly smaller than on Earth. However, Venus denser atmosphere may screen out the smaller member of some asteroid pairs. If Earth had a similar screening effect, only one of its three known doublets would have formed, making the proportion of doublet craters on Earth(3.6%) identical to Venus'(2.2%) within uncertainties. The researchers concluded that co-orbiting asteroids must be common among both the near-Earth and near-Venus asteroid populations.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
It can be inferred from the passage that one result of establishing the age of impact craters is that it enables researchers to
Select the sentence that proposes a possible explanation for a surprising discovery
ab ≠ 0

Quantity A:$\sqrt{a^{2}+b^{2}}$

Quantity B:$\sqrt{a^{2}}$ + $\sqrt{b^{2}}$
Quantity A:$\frac{5!+6!}{6!+7!}$

Quantity B:$\frac{1}{6}$
The speed of light is 3*$10^{8}$ meters per second, rounded to the nearest $10^{8}$ meters per second. A "light-hour" is the distance that light travels in an hour.

Quantity A:The number of kilometers in a light-hour

Quantity B:$10^{10}$
y+5 > x

Quantity A:y+2

Quantity B:x-2

In quadrilateral QRST, the length of RS is less than the length of QT, and RS is parallel to QT.

Quantity A:The length of QR

Quantity B:The length of ST
Quantity A:The standard deviation of the numbers 45, 64, 83, and 53

Quantity B:The standard deviation of the numbers 55, 81, 47, and 62
x > 0 and $\frac{5}{27}$$x^{2}$ = x

Quantity A:x

Quantity B:5
r > 0

Quantity A:The area of a circular region with radius r

Quantity B:The area of a circular region with radius $r^{2}$
A certain machine devotes 45 seconds every 3 hours to a system check, and the machine is in operation 24 hours a day. At this rate, how many days of production will it take for the machine to spend a total of 3 hours on systems checks?

The table above shows a certain stores weekly revenue and expenses for five weeks. What is the store`s median weekly profit for the five weeks?
In the decimal number 1,375.2648, which digit has a place value that is 1,000 times the place value of the digit 6?

In the figure above, BC is tangent to the circle with center O and radius 6.

If BA=4, what is the area of the triangular region BCO?
On May 5, 2004, the closing price of Stock A was \$60.00, which was a decrease of 8 percent from the closing price of the stock on the previous day, May 4, 2004. On May 6, 2004, the closing price of the stock was exactly the same as the closing price on May 4, 2004. What was the percent increase in the closing price of the stock from May 5, 2004 to May 6, 2004?