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题目内容
题目材料：
Snow algae, the most prolific and colorful microbial species colonizing snow and ice surfaces, have been studied in many polar and alpine settings. As part of their life cycle and as a mechanism of protection from high irradiation, snow algal species produce red pigments (carotenoids). Through this protective reaction, algal blooms color snow and ice surfaces and cause a darkening of glacial surfaces, which in turn leads to a decrease in surface albedo (a measure of the reflectivity of the Earth's surface). Such a decrease of albedo may speed up melting processes and is of special interest in Iceland, where glaciers are retreating fast and where albedo is also affected by the presence of volcanic dust and ash on snow and ice surfaces.
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