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In many cases warmer climate favors animals with smaller body size, in accordance with Bergmann's rule - that a larger body surface area relative to volume promotes heat loss, which would be adaptive under a scenario of increasing temperatures. However, several case studies have highlighted opposite trends. Such discrepancies can be explained by the type and extent of temperature change. Gradual increases in ambient temperatures may indeed favor animals with smaller body size: they have relatively large surface-area-to-volume ratios and thus increased rates of heat loss. Smaller-bodied individuals are, however, disadvantaged when exposed to short bouts of high temperature extremes that lead to acute dehydration and increased mortality: under such conditions, larger-bodied individuals fare better because their smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio reduces their rate of water loss.

It can be inferred from the passage that the author would probably agree with which of the following claims about animals and temperature change?

ALarger-bodied animals are affected more significantly by sudden temperature change than smaller-bodied animals are.
BThe smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio of larger-bodied animals is most advantageous during periods of gradual increases in temperatures.
CLarger-bodied and smaller-bodied animals are similarly affected by warming temperatures,in spite of the differences in surface- area-to-volume ratio.
DSmaller-bodied animals are largely unaffected by gradual temperature change because of their smaller surface-area-to- volume ratio.
EIn determining how smaller-bodied animals are differentially affected by temperature change, the rate of change is just as important as the magnitude.

E显示答案

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